The Magic of Thinking Big | XPO CEO Mario Harik

Transcript from https://podmenti.com/t/4ea0c0d3cc527726

My mind what ego is
You think that you're so good at something.
That you stop learning.
How does the software engineer end up?
As the CEO of one of the largest trucking companies.
In the world.
Well I think engineering
gives you a very good roadmap and a very good framework
Of solving problems.
I have young kids and I I always tell them whenever we have a something that gets broken or something we wanna build, I always tell them what the engineers do.
We say they build things and they fix things.
And I think in the world of business, you're dealing every day with with either problems or goals you want to accomplish.
Any engineering mindset.
Gives you a framework of how to solve for these problems. If you think of the engineering design process, it's based on one identifying a problem or a goal.
Then it's about collecting a lot of data.
Around that particular problem or goal.
then defining your requirements, then designing and building a solution.
And then eventually testing it for what the outcome would look like. And that discipline and rational thinking and data-driven analysis actually helps you in being able to run a company. Now the other side of that, though, is around people skills, because when you run a company, you're effectively you have teams of people.
And your goal is to make sure that they are the best versions of themselves.
And applying engineering principles to that also helps a lot. So then your team becomes very data driven.
your team becomes problem solvers in terms of how being able to go from point A to point B of whatever again whether whether it's a goal, whether it's a problem you want to solve as well. So I think these are some of the early innings in terms of as I grew in my career, engineering gave me that that framework to be able to solve problems and achieve goals.
couple that with people skills. This is what has enabled me to effectively run a trucking company.
Wait a second, how does that engineering mindset help you as the CEO?
As the CEO, your first goal is to actually figure out what is your overall strategy.
How are you gonna be able to create a lot of shareholder value? Are you gonna be able to create a company that can grow?
earnings that can and ultimately
deliver a lot of shareholder value. To be able to deliver that, as you define your strategy,
You have to have a framework by which you define a strategy.
Now, once you have your strategy, you have certain elements associated with that, where you have certain KPIs that you are monitoring on a daily, weekly, monthly basis of whether you can you're achieving
the levels of the strategy.
And from that, for every KPI, in terms of being able to define how you go from one value to another value.
You need an action plan, you need a solution for that. So that engineering mindset is a problem solving mindset. And whether it's defining strategy, whether it's executing on levels of your strategy,
an engineering mindset is gonna enable you
to deliver on those on those outcomes over over a period of time. So so I think that discipline and grounding your decisions in data.
Does help you help make you an effective CEO. Now that on its own
Goes at odds with being able to manage people because as an engineer, you're thinking perfection. You're thinking the process has to work just right.
But the reality is people don't operate that way. So I think engineering on its own gives you a framework.
However, how you can transform or translate that framework and how you manage people and love people and believe in them and believe what's and best in them is the other ingredient to be able to then
enable you to deliver good outcomes.
What surprised you the most about people coming from an engineering background where things are sort of predictable?
Well, first I I'll start by introspecting, looking at uh myself as a as a person.
As I was growing up.
I remember I always used to think that perfection
Is a good thing.
So every time I was set to work on a certain project, on a certain task, that the outcome has to be perfect, that the outcome. And you tell yourself in your own mind these things that, you know, like it's this is not good enough. It can be better than that.
Or you're building a piece of software. This piece of software has to be just exactly right. The code has to be simple, it should not have any bugs in it.
And I think the human mind typically doesn't operate in in perfection. We all have our own idiosyncrasies, we all have our own biases, we all have our own way of doing things. So for me, in terms of managing people,
A lot of it goes back to
looking at how they view
solving a problem, how they look at the world, how they look at being able to deliver
value, how they look at being able to treat others with respect.
And I think what surprised me the most is that you ha every person is different. And every person in their own way, they are beautiful. Their mind works in a beautiful way.
And being able to
Take their own methods.
Their own way of thinking.
Believing in what's best in them.
is what creates the most amount of
outcome and it's also a pleasure because then you're effectively working with a group of smart people who are finding their own way to be the best version of themselves.
And I think
Not applying one framework or one method to solving a problem is important.
You're employee three at XPO, and you get to work with one of the greatest capital allocators and entrepreneurs of our generation.
When in Brad Jacobs. I'm curious what you learned from him.
Well well, Brad is one of a kind. He's somebody who
started eight
multi billion dollar companies from scratch.
And in different industries.
And a lot of it goes back to
having a a framework, a method, then he actually wrote two books where he outlines that framework in terms of how to build great companies, companies that endure the tests of time, and ultimately the goal of a company
Is to create shareholder value. And these companies have created a tremendous amount of shareholder value. So I learned from him now everything you read in the book.
is actually part of the framework in terms of how you think about
One setting very big goals for the business, thinking outside of the box of how you can deliver a large amount of value.
And number two is actually now in our case and the case of the companies he has built, a lot of it, the early innings was around MA and MA integration and how you allocate capital in a very effective way, whether you buy a company at a lower multiple than what your company is trading at.
But a company that has a good strategic outcome for what you are trying to build to build as well. But if I go back to what I learned from him, I mean I learned a tremendous amount in more than a than a decade. But probably number one I would say is to always
Think
Big.
Don't set small goals. Life is short. Set big goals, whether it's how much value you're creating, whether how much profits you're growing, whether a certain project that you think needs three years to get done, and how you can get it done in three months. Set big goals and do that at work. Do that in your personal life because when you set big goals, you achieve great things.
If you set small goals, you achieve small s small things. And that's probably the number one thing I learned I learned from him.
What would be number two? What would be the second thing that comes to mind that maybe not is in any of his books?
Number two, I would say, is actually how you manage people, how you actually who you surround yourself with, and to have a very disciplined approach to look at the people who are around you. That you have a team
Because ultimately in business
You won't go at it alone. You have a group of people and you want them to work collegiate collegially as a team, as a group of people who support each other.
who want to
following a certain strategy, a certain framework.
Wanna go achieve great things, wanna beat the competition, wanna win. And effectively how you surround yourself with people, how you actually uh create a team environment that is very constructive, how you get feedback loops, so you're always looking at whether it's the plan or the strategy.
You're always adjusting in some cases in small areas, in some cases in big areas, to be able to get to better outcomes. But I would say the team dynamic and how you capture feedback loop is is number two.
Talk to me about that a little more because it seems like everybody hears this, you know, who you surround yourself with matters in life and matters in work and
I would love for you to just riff on that more for a minute in terms of the quality of people.
If you look at uh this what who we hire for as an organization, but how we think about the team, the team as well. Generally we break it down into three.
broad categories and this is the work side, but some of these carry over to the personal side and who you have personal relationships with.
But number one at work would be
Are they good at what they do?
Or do they have a high intellect? Uh do they have a passion for whatever
area of expertise that they have developed in
Are they really good at what they do?
Number two is
Are they serious about work? Are they hard workers? I are somebody who and it doesn't mean that you have to
You know, work ninety hour weeks.
But it means that when you wake up in the morning
Do you take
the mission of the company, the mission of your role to heart, where you want to actually maximize the outputs of what you do every single day. And the third one is are you collegial? Are you somebody who gets along
with the rest of the team who try to look for what's best in the team. And along with that come things like kindness and humility and being able to always thrive to learn and effectively always better yourself and better people who are who are around you.
And when you have a combination of these attributes
In a person.
Now, it's not every person in different environments could behave or could have different differently or could have different outputs as well. But when you put that together,
And you create alignment on what the mission is.
It's truly remarkable what you can deliver. If you look at sports team.
Sports team that have one star player only, but they don't have a
good strong cohesive team
They don't deliver
A lot of value.
business is exactly the same way. It's about having a team of people who are working well with each other.
Who are aligned on the goals.
У R
Each other.
But at the same time
Who push each other as well.
It's okay to have some friction. It's okay that somebody's telling you, hey, I think in your area you can do X, Y, or Z in a better way. That's all good. But this is the the framework of people at from a business perspective. In your personal life, I think some of the things around kindness and humility and being collegial.
All of that translates as well.
If you surround yourself with people who are actually who bring the vibe of the party up, who are loving people, who are affectionate people.
That's gonna add that's gonna enrich your own life, as as as you think about it.
So often people assume that means consensus.
What what does gets along mean the third aspect of what you just talked about? What does that mean in practice?
What it means in practice, by the way, it's not necessarily consensus from the onset.
Because in business, as in life, whenever you are trying to solve for something big or something small, whenever you have something that as a team you want to address.
I usually worry if I'm in a team meeting.
And everybody is aligned on a solution.
And the reason why because m the first question I ask myself
Did we look at that problem or that solution
In ten different ways.
To then have different perspectives of how to solve that problem. Because if you want to create alpha.
It's not about only settling for
A local maximum.
It's about looking at a problem from
different angles and being able to get different voices around how to solve that problem.
Analyzing each one of them.
having data
Behind
each one of these perspectives and then being able to land the plane on what is the right
outcome to get to the right place. So getting along, however,
Is that we can disagree. We can disagree on you might think this this solution is better than my solution, or vice versa.
However.
It's a very respectful disagreement.
It's a disagreement where when we leave that room
After debating, after
looking at the numbers, after looking at the data.
We all agree that this is the go forward path that would lead to the best solution to whatever problem or whatever thing that you're trying to solve for.
Where would you say that you and Broad are different?
Of course, it's very tough to compare yourself to somebody who who's I mean he he is he is one of a kind. I mean he's somebody who started uh eight multi-billion dollar companies.
I think it's more around every person is also different in how and how they were brought up and how they think about problem solving. So I think it's more that a lot of the methods that I learned from him, you always have slightly different ways in how you apply them based on who you are as a person.
One of the changes you've made
since you took over is to have a service first philosophy. So it seems like a bit of a strategy.
Change. Talk to me about that.
Well, we've always had a service focused
Кучу до век або із
Your customers are everything. Ultimately a customer has a choice. A customer can either decide to use you or use one of your competitors for the service that you are providing.
But what was different is that we actually split the company into three pieces. And now the entire management team was focused effectively on our less than truckload business. And part of our strategy was to make sure that we are delivering the
best service possible for the customer.
Because ultimately in business, you have to be make a very conscious choice about what is your product that you are selling to the customer.
And our business
A higher service level
enables you to sell supplemental services to the customer. And these typically come at a higher margin. It also enables you to gain more profitable market share because your customers want to do business with you.
And what we have done effectively was meaningfully improve our service product through the through the years.
And this has led to effectively us being able to either gain market share or expand margin with customers as well.
Now these these things in business are easier said than done, because especially in trucking
We have forty thousand people in the company.
Here in North America we have about twenty three thousand people. So you are
Influencing the behaviour.
of tens of thousands of people in terms of every time they touch a customer, they touch a customer's freight.
That they wanna handle it as if it's it's as as if it's our own. As if it's us going to our own house.
And that has a cultural component, has compensation components.
has systems components, how we track it, how we hold people accountable to it, has investments that we have made in multiple tools along the way as well.
And we've improved our service product tremendously through the years.
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Let's dive into a little bit about how you run the business. Last time we chatted, you mentioned you sort of had this operating system behind the scenes where you could dial into any of your 40,000 employees and see how productive they were.
up to the minute. Tell me about how you run the company and more about that.
So I think high level if if you break it down as a business
We have a plan, we have a strategy. And by the way, your plan cannot be very rigid. You have to be open to change that over time as new information comes up as you execute on it. But that plan has
high b or big levers
Of how you're gonna improve the profitability of the company ultimately, and how you're gonna create shareholder value subsequently as a result of that.
Now for each one of these big levers
Then you have a number of KPIs that you are driving.
to be able to deliver on that on that particular level. So number one is actually defining
What is it that you want to achieve?
And for each one of these levers, what are the KPIs that would lead to that particular outcome? So number one is having a set of systems.
Where actually it's daily.
We obsess over them. I mean, every single day, there's approximately ten KPIs that that we that we monitor.
And for each one of those KPIs
Not only we look at the first derivative change of that KPI, a first derivative is
It's up.
five percent, that's up two percent, it's down two percent. But also what the second derivative derivative looks like, which is what's the slope? What's the rate of change? Is that KPI accelerating in the direction you want it to, or is it decelerating in the direction
of in the in the opposite direction. And then for each one of those
You have an action plan, a list of projects or initiatives or actions.
That you are taking
to take that particular KPI from point A where you are today.
to point B what you want it to be.
So
Part of running the business on a daily basis is being able to again identify the goals.
Have the key
Performance indicators that you are watching every single day.
obsess over them on a daily, weekly, monthly basis, and we have different set of whether smearings or processes to to manage through that.
And then eventually looking at the action plans, the inputs, what are you do what are you doing differently to be able to get that KPI from that point to that point. Now to do this effectively.
you need great systems chain because w without the ability to get real time information.
You're not gonna be able to make it change quickly enough in some cases.
to address whether it's shortcomings or whether something accelerating beyond what you expected, and being able to control that. But I think it's one having
A platform that where you can get that data in real time. Number two is having a very clear view of what is it that you are monitoring every day that aligns with your big strategic goals, that will enable you to create a ton of shareholder value over time. And then managing the inputs from an action plan perspective of who's responsible for each one of these actions to be able to actually improve.
How we move the business forward in the right direction. So that's the framework. That's effectively on that portion. The second portion of it, though, goes back to the people.
So I I spend a lot of time in the field. I actually like to go to our docs, to our terminals.
where I get to sit with our drivers and dock workers.
And usually I go there early in the morning and I sit in the break room and I sit with our drivers and I tell them, tell me what's going on in the business, tell me what's working well, what's not working well. So there's a people component of it of how you can keep on getting that feedback loop of how to do things in a more effective way and a more structured framework of how you can actually get to the best outcomes.
Based on on what I just mentioned.
What do you learn in the break rooms that you don't see in the KPIs?
It's truly remarkable.
So w when you look at our say our workforce here in North America, we have about twenty three thousand people.
eighteen thousand out of the twenty three thousand are either truck drivers or dock workers.
They are people who are they are the folks who are the closest to the customer. So each one of our city drivers or pickup and delivery drivers is interacting with half a dozen to a dozen customers per day.
And if you think about their feedback, you get real time feedback on decisions we are making.
and how to make them better. But to give you an example, it could be small things. It could be things like
The type of tires we're using.
the type of parts we are putting in our trucks, what kind of trucks we are buying, and what makes a difference versus not.
to having issues at the local service center.
All the way to our compensation programs, our benefit programs, how we compare to the peer group, how we're doing from a service perspective, what are some of the tweaks we can be doing in our processes and procedures to improve the business? We get feedback on technology, the handhelds that they use.
How we can make them better, how we can make them more efficient. It's really remarkable. What I typically do is actually have a notebook with me, and every time I hear all these ideas, I write them down.
And then when I get back to the office, we actually put them in an email that I send to the top hundred people in the organization and say, these are the things that I learned.
from the people who matter most in our company. They are the ones who are actually moving the freight for the customer.
And that leads to better action plans. And in some cases, we change the action plans that can impact the output metrics. And in some cases,
We actually
change strategy, or we add a lever to the strategy, or we do things a bit differently there as well. Is there an example that comes to mind of something you've heard in a break room and you were like,
Oh, we need to pivot, like it's not working.
I'll give you a couple of examples. Uh the the first one was around when we
We're on a
very strong journey of improving our service product.
One of the first things that we did was change compensation plans. So effectively, it as opposed to compensation be driven only by growing, say, revenue and profits, to have a portion of the compensation plan to be driven by improving our service product to the customer. And you can think of that as being the carrot by improving service, you as a
Say supervisor on the dock can effectively bring home more pay. But when we talked to our drivers, a lot of it went back to accountability.
What they were telling us, well, you know, listen, I I take care of the freight of the customer, but so on, so on the dark is actually
They're not taking care of the freight for the customer.
So then we build systems.
where we can actually track back our service performance to the person level.
And then we actually created coaching so that if you cause a damage as a person on our docs, then you can actually go into a specific training program and get coached to make sure that that doesn't happen in the future as an example. Wait a second, how does the system
Detect my performance.
Every time we move a palette across our network, you have people who are interacting with that.
By the way, you need a really good
Systemic platform. You need a platform that is modern, that can actually get data directly from a handheld device a user can be using.
Into a system that you can then
aggregate and
Take action on.
The way it works usually if let's say I'm a dark worker and I see that a palette is damaged.
I take a photo of that palette and I say I saw that this palette is damaged.
Now in some cases it could be a small issue crab having a small scratch on it as an example. But then we know who the last person that handled that palette was.
When the customer gets that palette, if the customer says
You know, this is a scratch, it's fine.
Then
effectively no no harm of her.
If the customer gets that pallet and the customer says, My freight is damaged.
Now we can track it back to the last person who reported that damage and who was the person before them who handled that freight.
That's historically how we did that. But now moving forward, what what we're also doing, we're actually using AI for that purpose.
So every time we close a trailer door
A supervisor takes a photo of the trailer.
And we're using AI.
To inform
The quality of clothing.
To be able to say that
This palette was not strapped to the wall of the trail, which means it could tip over and it could cause a damage as as an example. So we're also using technology to be able to have a much better identification on what shift something happened, but also tying it back to the person.
That could have caused that that particular damage in that case. Is that real time? So like when I take that photo, it reminds me of something, or is it
um sort of post when we aggregate the data the next day. You're like, hey, this truck went out yesterday. You didn't see this. Uh just a reminder to
Strap it down better.
Historically, we've done it where you are looking at it after the fact. So historically, we meant we manage all that data through the shift. You are still getting it in the system in real time, but the person taking the photo was not getting immediate feedback. So
Let's say I'm a supervisor.
As I close the trailer door of a given trailer,
I would take a photo.
And then I would actually rank the the quality of loading of that particular photo. So in that case, it's not AI doing it. And then the next day we can tell which supervised because
Then the next person in line in our in our terminal network, when they open up your trader, they take a photo and they rank your quality of loading. So you're effectively getting somebody
If you think about software development, it's almost like doing a code review, but you're doing a trailer review for the next person who's actually opening up opening up that trailer. But now with AI, with the new versions we are launching, we actually are intended. It's not it's not live yet, it's gonna go live um over the next few months.
But effectively as a supervisor, whenever I take the photo, AI automatically tells you
What it found wrong in your trailer.
And now we can actually fix that before you actually send that trailer on the over the road. And just for context, how many trailer openings and closings are we talking a day in the company? Looking tens of thousands.
And the reason that this matters is to reduce the damage is that's one of your biggest costs, is like
Do I understand that correctly? So the reason if you think about our service in a in a trucking company, one is making sure because as a less than truckload carrier, what we do is
A customer could be shipping one or two pallets, but then we get it to one of our terminals where we consolidate that freight with other people's pallets, effectively. So you are and then you're moving that freight across a network of three hundred locations across North America. So
Part one of the KPIs would be we call it service quality, which is not damaging the freight, because when you are consolidating and deconsolidating freight, that could lead to quality issues as people handle that freight over a longer distance. So that's one measure. The second measure is providing on time service that when the c if the customer is expecting a pickup today,
that you pick up that freight when it is intended to be picked up. And then if they're expecting it to be a destination in three days from now, that you're getting it three days from now as well. But these are the two primary measure of how we measure the service quality or the service for the for a given customer.
And less than truckload is sort of a hundred pounds to
Fifteen thousand pounds is that?
Somewhere so our average weight per shipment is approximately call it fourteen hundred pounds.
And it varies in the range that you mentioned. So a couple of hundred pounds all the way to ten thousand plus pounds. But usually once you start getting to fifteen thousand, it makes sense to send that on a full truckload where you are booking
an entire truck effectively to go from point A to point B.
And if I was an employee and I I'm working there and I'm on the dock and I want to see my specific performance or a driver, can I do that?
Hundred percent. So the way we make it work and we implemented those tools as well. And you know, there's one thing everybody goes to work every day wanting to do a good job.
And when you get
feedback and possibly enforcement, obviously you're gonna do it in a more effective way, but every time one of our
drivers or dock workers scans a pall on the dock, they automatically see two dials on their handheld.
The first one tells them what their productivity is versus their peers. So they can see effectively if you had 10 people working the dock, are they number one?
What are they? Number five.
And if you're number one, there's a lot of bragging rights that go along with that, but that's more on the productivity side. And then the second dial shows them how many damages they could have caused by either not strapping the palace or not. So every time you scan a palette to move it across our docks from one trailer to another trailer, we actually show folks.
what their numbers would look like. And similarly, the supervisors, they have a system as well, very modern platform, all proprietary, our all engineers build build these solutions where effectively they can see then the performance across the entire
workforce or a or a certain shift and how they can actually manage that more effectively. That is so cool.
I can see how some people wouldn't like it though. What has the response been like?
Overall the response is very good, but there's a there's a reason for that.
It all depends.
what you do with the information.
It all depends what you do with it. If let's say somebody causes a damage,
and you're coaching them and telling them where they went wrong and how they can do better.
That's a very uplifting experience. Let's say I've been on the job for three months or six months. I've been trained, but at the same time,
It still takes that muscle memory to be better, that enables us to coach and train that person how they can be better at what they do. And usually people, when they get better, they they actually see that very, very possibly as well. So I think it all depends how you use the information. If you use it just to hold people accountable and have a very strict set of rules.
then of course, you know, you're not gonna have a lot of uh satisfaction with that. If you're using it as a way to elevate your team, to coach them, to teach them how to do things in a better way, that can be very uplifting.
How do you run meetings internally?
It depends on the meeting. Different meetings have different uh different structures.
But generally every meeting starts with obviously every meeting has a certain set of goals. Usually a lot of our meetings starts by being very grounded in data.
Where we send
All the materials.
Ahead of time.
to the meeting attendees. Now not every meeting is that way, but if you think about monthly operating reviews or weekly staff meetings, all of these are effectively the material is sent ahead of time, which has
A lot of information going back to what I mentioned about the KPIs, about every KPI.
How it's trending.
And then reviewing the action plans associated with making that KPI get to a better outcome for the for the company as a whole. And we also source, depending on the meeting, in some cases, we source questions ahead of time from all the attendees of the meeting, and they actually get to rank
Those questions in terms of importance. And there are two things that we do. So questions is one, and then the other one is takeaways based on the material that we sent out. What were your key takeaways from what you read? And similarly, every attendee of the meeting would rank those takeaways. So the first part of the meeting, we actually walk through the fully ranked takeaways, what were the biggest takeaways that people had.
from the material that we sent out.
And then we go through a list of questions where effectively it could be around how we can make things better or getting more information about how to improve said area. So these are how we run typically our operating reviews.
And it's the it ends up becoming a very
good effective use of time because everybody's engaged in contributing to the agenda of the meeting. What are the key topics, what are the biggest levers that we can be driving to make said area
that is covered in the meeting be a better a better area over time.
For other meetings where we where we effectively don't have the the time
To send
the information ahead of time or it's a brainstorming meeting as an example.
It's uh typically whoever again is responsible for a given area, they start by reviewing
Predominantly data, information. In some cases, it's an Excel spreadsheet, in some cases about the thing that we're trying to solve for. And then everybody contributes to it. And there are a few things that usually I do in meetings. One, there's a rule of not using devices and being focused on the person speaking.
Number two, only one person speaks at a time. So there is something very powerful of giving somebody your full attention and listening to what they are saying, because that leads to a much more constructive conversation.
And the third area.
It's to be it's it's okay to disagree.
And actually this agreement is encouraged.
But you have to do it respectfully. You have to do it in a way focusing on the problem, on the information, not on the person, not on the subjective. And I find these these kind of create a framework of really constructive meanings where at the end of them.
We're solving real problems of how we can
make the numbers better and how we can improve service and how we can improve employee satisfaction. And it it it leads to a much better outcome there, there as well.
You said ranked.
Takeaways. I want to come back to this for a second.
How do you rank them? What's the process pre it sounds like there's a lot going on pre meeting.
In order to make the meeting
As effective as possible.
So in that particular case for our operating reviews, typically we schedule those on a monthly basis and
A week ahead of the meeting, we send all the material out, and then we send a survey that has in it where every person can submit what their top
takeaways were, and they can submit what their top questions to ask during the meeting as well.
And then we send another survey once we get all
this information back, where every attendee of the meeting gets to rank from a scale of one to ten, what they believe is the most important takeaway, and what they believe is the most important question. Well I'll tell you, Shane, what's what's fascinating, because think about it this way, let's say
I run uh pricing at our company.
The people attending and operating reviews
Are not necessarily only pricing people. You have salespeople, you have operators, you have technology folks, f finance folks, HR folks. So then they're looking at all of your data and all of your content.
And they're all giving you feedback on whether it's a takeaway that they saw from what you are
all the information you sent out.
Or
What a question that they want to ask.
Then when these takeaways and questions are ranked.
This is where the magic happens because now automatically
Every person in the senior leadership team
understands what are the good things and the bad things
In that particular
subject matter. They also understand based on the questions that they saw.
Well that's interesting. I saw that a person asked about this and this and this.
I didn't see that in the information, I didn't see that in the data. So now the group of people who are in that meeting.
can contribute in a much more effective way because they're getting the the wisdom of the team, the wisdom of the crowd, and how they are actually doing it.
This is gonna sound crazy, but could you use that system to identify talent?
In the sense that this person's very junior, but they're actually recognizing patterns that would be expected of like a senior person.
You definitely can use it for identifying talent, but but I do think
generally to identify talent, you need much more touch points than just a takeaway or a question.
Well but and w the way we think about talent development is
a lot of touch points. So for example, a lot of companies do performance reviews once a year.
Or maybe twice a year.
I don't believe in that. I think performance reviews should be done on a daily and weekly basis. You gotta give a person feedback that what you're doing here is fantastic and what you're doing here needs needs improvement, but at the same time doing it on a
Constant basis.
You can identify also who's trending in the right direction, what their core skills are, where they need to improve, how they're improving, and you can identify talent that way. But also we have leadership team discussions about talent that goes beyond the first few layers of the company.
about who is up and coming talent. So then members of the leadership team can give their feedback on
this manager or that director level person or maybe individual contributor who have a long runway and they're impressed by them and how this what they are seeing in the performance of that particular person. And I think this is this is a more effective way because you get a wider perspective from a group of people specifically about talent development as opposed to
the small window by which you're evaluating content, you're evaluating takeaways, and you're evaluating questions. But we also shame one other thing I that you mentioned that I do at in in those meetings
Is I have this
For me personally, I call it round robins, but when where people either give a question or a takeaway, if let's say it was a meeting where we s didn't submit those ahead of time.
I always subscribe to the fact that the seniors
folks, including myself, I would speak less. I was asked give my takeaways or my questions at the end of the meeting.
To make sure that there's no biased thinking. I think Jeff Bezos had a similar perspective, where always you speak.
At the end, as a leader, because what you don't want by giving your perspective, somebody, somebody who's junior on the team who might have fantastic insights.
There's gonna be biased to to think as part of the group. So usually the more junior people get to speak first, so they can actually we can hear their perspective there as well.
That's fascinating.
I wanna
Stick on the meeting thing for a second here. Do you use AI to record the meetings?
Depending on the meetings, and not not all of them we use AI.
But any type of structured meeting where we are discussing effectively say an operating review.
We do use AI to both take notes and summarize the meetings. And in many cases we send back out the takeaways to the team so they actually get to see what was discussed and what were the
key things that we focus on as a as a team. But I would say for any meeting where you it's more structured, where you have more attendees, et cetera, then I'd say it's consistent how we use AI. If it's a small get together to figure out something that we uh get a
status update or a progress update, then we might not use AI for that. So it doesn't sort of like mail me here are your actions from the specific meeting that you're supposed to be doing or
mail other people in the organization who might not have been at the meeting and inform them of something that was uh decided in the meeting that affects them, or how does that
How do you think of that evolving, I guess?
I think overall, so if you look um you look at late last year, uh typically on a one once a year basis, we get together the team and then we walk through the strategic levers that we have as an organization.
And we we give ourselves a score, an assessment. How did we do in this area, that area, that area. But then we think about how should we evolve the strategy? Should we do something different when it comes to that particular level in the company. For so for those kind of
Much more
elaborate or involved type sessions where you're spending two, three days with the team to change your strategy.
In that particular case, we use AI and then we send back out the action items, and then we effectively use that.
to inform or change the levers of our strategy, but then you still have to summarize them and come up with the key themes in terms of how we address that. So depending for something that elaborate where you're spending a lot of brain power over a few days
to potentially change the direction we're going in as a as a company. We we we use AI extensively for those kind of sessions. If we're having a weekly staff meeting where we are actually going through the key
A KPIs how they they perform.
for the prior week, how they were performing month to date, how they were performing quarter to date.
Obviously AI becomes a bit less important because even the actions that come out of those meetings typically are a handful where it's very
easily understood that okay, I'm gonna take this and do something about it.
How do you end the meetings?
Typically the last part of the meeting that I personally like to do is actually have everybody give their takeaways.
And what what I find fascinating is that everybody then as they walk through it, you can see how they interpreted
everything that they heard. And I always find that very fascinating to to see
what every person took away. And I usually do it in in two ways. One, what are your broader takeaways?
But then what are you gonna do differently as a person coming out of this? But this this is again for the for the larger type meetings, but usually for smaller meetings, it could be just walking through the action items items we discussed, or it could be at the end of the discussion, we we we we got to where we needed to get to.
I wanna come back to talent for a second. So we sort of talked about identifying
Talent within the organization. When you're interviewing somebody, how do you specifically identify talent?
That's a great question because
In business.
One of the most
important levers that you have.
Is who's part of the team.
Who are the individuals who ultimately
are working together.
to deliver a great amount of value.
And as a public company.
your number one goal is to creating shareholder value.
But going back to how you interview.
I for every person on the team, there are certain levers based on their skill set, on their role. But one would be what is their technical ability. And technical ability, in my mind, has a
components of
their actual core skill set or their core job. Number two could be their intellect, how smart they are. Number three could be the passion that they have
For
upset area that they are responsible for, but there's an area around the technical know-how, skill set, experience.
Number two is are they hard workers? Are they somebody who
When they
Go to work.
Do they take it?
very seriously, do they put in the hours? Do they do they wake up every day thinking about how can I do my job in a more effective way?
And then number three would be, are they a kind person? Are they somebody who's gonna raise the vibe of the team?
Are they a loving person? Are they somebody who would love their employees and their teammates and the company and the customers and the shareholders? Are they somebody who has again was gonna raise the vibe of the team or somebody's gonna take away from that? And usually uh whether it's being collegial, whether it's being humble and
having a thirst for knowledge, all of these fall in that category of the personal side and how they will fit with the rest of the team.
So when I interview people
I test for all of these pieces. So let's say you're interviewing somebody who oversees sales.
I usually go very deep in my in my interviews. So I don't just ask them, Well, how have you grown revenue at your last company? I ask them questions of how did you structure your sales force?
How did you manage leads? How did you manage your pipeline? How do you convert your pipeline? How did you manage revenue utilization? So I go deeper, much deeper. How did you manage account plans and if somebody's not doing it?
What were your targets for face to face meetings for your sellers per day?
A lot of these
When you start double and triple clicking
You get a much different perspective about
How
All in was a person in their subject matter.
And the deeper you go,
the more you actually get a really good perspective, not only asking the headline question, but double clicking and triple clicking and quadruple clicking, because now you can actually get, yep, this person was fully in command and had the that
area lock tight in terms of that understanding of it.
In terms of testing for for seriousness or dedication or hard work, that's a bit harder to do. But I also ask a lot of questions around how they looked at their work and how they think about their personal life versus their work life. I find the best professionals
You don't have a distinction between the two to a certain extent.
Work is part of life, the same way that life is part of work. So effectively it's a it's a circle. You do these things in a very interchangeable way, whether you see you spending your time time with your family or you're spending time at work.
All of these are very intertwined in how a person lives that life. So I had to see how they perceive work, how they look at actually work as a part of life. And then I always uh apply the the airport test after spending an hour or a few hours with a person. If I get stuck with that person in an airport.
Am I gonna enjoy that time? Or they do they bring the vibe up that I felt uplifted after that interview or that I felt
emotionally down. But that's the the structure of the interview. And for some of the rules, by the way, I go also around in intellectual questions to be able to test their their intellect, how how smart they are.
But then after
All of that is done.
I also get
before I actually do my interviews about a fifty page document on a person based on the notes of every single person who interviewed them.
And I usually
Take subjectivity out of it.
And I look at every area that somebody has identified as potentially being an issue.
And I very objectively assess it.
And a lot of times what people have identified as potential areas of issues
And up being the reason why somebody fails at work.
So I look at these and then in my interviews, I try to double click on those areas as well to make sure that they don't have a that person has a shortcoming.
that could detract from being able to create value or or raise the vibe of the team. Wait a second, what would be an example of that?
for example, they don't go deep enough into into their their area of expertise. An example could be how they manage their team members. An example could be that they were effectively being very critical of the people that they worked with over a long period of time.
An example can be how they switch jobs and why they switch jobs. So many many of these could be examples of
Things that people identify.
Part of it could be also that they are that they have an ego. They're not a kind person, they're not gonna treat their teammates or people who work for them with respect. All of these would would come up in that feedback if they are obviously on the on the negative side. And I think it's very important to be in tune, not to try to

At the country, to actually take them out and test for them and figure out is this gonna be a deal breaker? Is this gonna be the reason why somebody's gonna fail after after you hire them?
How do you think about ego?
I'm gonna give you a personal experience. So I started coding in the early 90s. I was a young kid.
And I build a passion for it.
And over time I started with basic on a Commodore sixty four.
And then over time I had a older brother
who studied computer engineering.
So then in my, you know, called it early to mid teens, I used to read all of his books.
So I became so passionate about programming that I used to spend the lion's share of my time
Outside of school.
Actually coding.
So when I got to college and I went for my undergrad degree in in Lebanon, in the country of Lebanon at the um at the American University of Beirut.
What I thought I was the best programmer
that has ever existed because I was doing it, I was training on it, I was and I used to love writing beautiful code, efficient code, and I used to think I'm really good at it.
So naturally, in my mind what ego is
You think that you're so good at something.
That you stop learning.
And when that happens in business as in life
it creates a ceiling that then doesn't allow you to create more value to get to better outcomes.
So I remember at the time, if you know a few years later, I came I came to MIT in Boston.
to do my graduate studies in in in engineering.
And I met programmers that were
Fifty times better.
that were just had beautiful minds, how they thought about things, how they problem solved.
And that taught me that.
I'm I'm actually I'm I'm a good programmer.
But I'm no way close to being a great programmer.
And that taught me humility.
It actually enabled me that then suddenly it opens up many, many doors because suddenly you're saying, Well, I might be good at this.
However.
Wow, like look at these other people, how they're approaching that problem in in a very different way.
And that humility enables you to then learn more and be able to break through ceilings and always get better and not be able to be stuck in a local maximum in whatever area of expertise it is. So when I think about the ego, I I think it's a shortcoming in somebody's framework of thinking.
where they think effectively that their knowledge, their skills
or the best they can be.
And that prevents them from being able to break through.
And wanting to learn more and ask more questions as opposed to tell more about a certain area of expertise.
Your time in Lebanon was one of the craziest and your escape was one of the craziest stories I've heard. Can you share that with us?
I grew up in Lebanon in the in the eighties. Uh during that time the country was at war.

And it's remarkable to look back at those times because I remember many, many, many nights where at night we wouldn't sleep at home. We'd actually be sleeping in a shelter, in a bomb shelter.
And it was a period of time for the country, that was a very, very dark period of time.
Now
My brothers and I were very lucky because we had parents who were unbelievable. They they pr they provided us a
beautiful childhood that was surrounded with love, and although the world around us was crazy,
We actually could we were not impacted to a certain extent, but you're still obviously dealing with the with the trauma of war around you.
So it teaches you a lot uh about about how
You know, when when you're under pressure, it's one thing to be in a bomb shelter and your your neighborhood is getting bombed versus any other type of pressure you're seeing in business or in life. But we were lucky that our parents created again a a cocoon to a certain extent of safety and gave us
What every child want to have in that childhood, which is love, which is
A lot of support and a l very very loving environment.
But also we we had to flee the country because because of the war. We lived in multiple countries. We lived in Egypt for a while. We lived here in Canada for a while. So it's good to be back in Ottawa. I haven't been back in almost thirty five years.
To Ottawa, but I spent a portion of my childhood uh here as well. But all of these experiences, at least what they gave me, is a different perspective. When you when you interact with different cultures and different people.
It really teaches you how to look at things from different perspectives. Everybody's gonna have a different lens, how to look at a certain solution, at a certain problem, at a certain uh, you know, whatever it is it is that you're dealing with. And I find a lot of entrenchment in that. I I seek other points of view, and part of it was because
I grew up in this environment and I get to see multiple cultures along the way as we live in different countries during uh during the wartime in Lebanon as well.
How do you think that's shaped your approach to taking risks?
Now keep in mind I was very young at the time. So when you're very young, you're still your brain is developing and forming, but it's really when you get to your
teens is when you start thinking differently about different levers and and risk.
I think
Overall
I would probably put myself in the more risk averse category.
But I think that's more of my engineering
Type education
Well as an engineer
You're always a sessing
risk or you're you're trying to quantify
everything that you are dealing with. So when you look at risk.
You're looking at all the information.
All the data
behind that risk and you're assigning a probability.
of what's the probability of that risk materializing.
Now if you're only looking at the downside
It's very easy to say, I'm not gonna, you know, I'm not gonna go there because that's too risky. However, if you look at the upside,
And you probability adjust the upside.
of whatever area you're looking at and the risk that is involved with it.
it changes your perspective of how of how to deal with risk. But I I'd say I have a very analytical view of risk, but I lean towards being more risk averse than risk taking. And I do think part of the upbringing, but more importantly my engineering education is what kind of
govern some of that approach.
on the notion of risk taking
How did you navigate the yellow bankruptcy? Somebody reached out to me, a mutual friend of ours, and told me it was pure genius. Can you tell us that story?
Yeah, so uh one of our large competitors went bank drop in twenty twenty three. It's v very sad, obviously, for the company and for for the folks uh for the folks involved.
But at the same time, as a less than truckload network
One of the most important forms of capacity to grow and service the customer.
is the terminal network that you have. So how large are your buildings? And some of these buildings here are a mile long dock, effectively. So very, very large facilities.
And
having enough capacity in key market is incredibly important.
And it's very hard to be able to permit.
And build.
A large trucking terminal. So effectively when when Yellow went bankrupt, all of the real estate came up for sale, and we had to figure out well how much.
we wanna buy and in what markets we wanna buy.
So in that particular case, and I was a new CEO
Going in there.
The question is one, how much do you buy and
What markets do you buy them in? How do you justify the return
you're gonna get on the capital that you are deploying. One of the things I learned from Brad very early on as a CEO.
One of your most important
Yeah.
is to make sure that you are allocating capital in a way that can create the most amount of shareholder value over time.
Now when Yellow went bankrupt, we started looking at well, okay, if we look
What is the data telling us?
Based on different markets.
Where are we falling short on capacity? Which market is growing that we we have X amount of doors, X amount of physical space.
And if we look at the growth trajectory of that market, we're gonna run out of capacity.
And we analyze that in all the markets that we operate in.
And we knew
That the larger
the terminals we buy, the better it is, because you can get higher efficiency.
In those markers, if you have a much larger terminal or much more space, then much less space. So we effectively use data.
To identify
All of these markets.
And then we mapped
their network onto our network.
And we found twenty eight properties that would have the largest impact.
And for each one of them then
We created a business plan. We created a business plan that says how much efficiency are we gonna get in that market.
If we are capacity constrained today and we have a five percent market share in that market, and our company's market share in the industry is about ten percent, how can we go grow from five percent beyond that? And what will be the financial
flow through the income effectively associated with growing in that particular market.
And we were able to effectively identify twenty eight properties that were the ones that we wanted to buy.
And uh
We ended up spending nearly a billion dollars on that real estate. And it was a remarkable acquisition because effectively it's now giving us the runway. So one, it made us much more efficient. They won in those markets.
We were able to improve operating margins dramatically. That's not the only reason why, but that was part of the reason. But more importantly, that capacity now is enabling us to capitalize on what could be an industrial recovery over the years to come here in North America.
And these terminals will pay it.
big, big roles in in enabling in enabling us to deliver on that.
That was a big decision as a new CEO. That's a lot of money involved. How did you make that decision?
Well overall you you start off by looking at what are the units.
of how do the financials add up effectively. So so what's the what's the overall return you're gonna get on that deployed capital?
And what I learned from Red is
It doesn't matter what the size of the check is.
That's the only thing that matters, which is the return you're gonna get on the size of the check.
But a lot of it is, you know, obviously our board was very much involved in the process, giving feedback and perspective based on the numbers that we were showing. Initially we started off with a much smaller purchase price and a much smaller set of terminals, then we can agree that over time.
Brad's feedback in the process. Uh he was our chairman at the time was was fantastic.
the team working together and brainstorming and figuring out what again what would give us the highest amount of free turn associated with that. So a lot of it is again looking at the data.
looking at the returns very importantly, but then having a lot of feedback loops
On
Are we doing the right thing here?
Is that
deployment of capital, something that's going to create a lot of alpha for shareholders. And the answer was yes. So we effectively you feel much more comfortable making that decision because you you see what the roadmap is going to look like to be able to deliver those returns. But it's one thing to see those returns in a spreadsheet. And it's another thing to actually enable those returns.
Talk to me about that.
But by the way, in business, that's always the case. I mean when when you think about creating a ton of shareholder value.
There's always I mean you're you
What a large company, what a multinational company, we have forty thousand people. Every decision you make.
has big ripple effects into what kind of outcomes you can drive.
But this is also part of it would be the financial processes that we have and being able to track any initiative that we are driving. So high level, I mentioned earlier on that in business you have big strategic levers.
then you have a certain set of KPI of metrics that ultimately grow your earnings, that ultimately enable you to create shareholder value. And then you have action plans of how you can drive
those levers to get to get to the right place.
But this is where also fight proper financial
Planning and analysis.
comes into play.
For each one of the projects that you have, including buying a billion dollars of real estate
you have a project plan. You have a project plan that says over what period of time
Are we gonna launch these terminals, gonna renovate them and make them
look like an XPO terminal, effectively. Over what period of time you're gonna launch them.
Once we launch each one of them, we have a sort of an assumption.
This is how much we expect to improve productivity. This is how much we expect to improve efficiency. This is how much market share we expect to gain.
And our FNA team tracks all of these things. And now you can see the trajectory.
Of how you are.
delivering on what you expect it to deliver. And when you see something deviating
Then the teams getting together to say, Well, okay, did we have the wrong action plan?
Or what should be doing differently to then get back
get back this initiative or this project back on track.
to make sure it's delivering to the right outcomes we expect. What's your FPA team and what do they do?
So our FENA teams, Financial Planning and Analysis, effectively it's the team that looks at all of the financial
metrics, financial KPIs of
How is your top line trending effectively? What is your top line doing?
What is your cost structure doing? And ultimately what are the profits that you are generating. But then when you double click,
They look at first for any period.
They are looking what we list to what we call risk and opportunities. So effectively, what are the opportunities based on initiatives that we are driving?
that can deliver a better financial outcome.
And what are the risks?
That we see in the environment that can take away from the financial outcome. And then for each one of those levels, we assign a probability. So now we can probability adjust.
What is the projected financial performance of the company for the week, for the month, for the quarter, for the year, as we think it through? But then if you go down through the ranks in the FBA team,
For every operators.
That owns a PL, a profit and loss statement.
they actually have an FNA resource that is telling them what are the levers. So where is where are your metrics trending?
And what all the levels that you can pull?
To drive the outcomes.
And are these levers performing at the level as a business leader that you expect to deliver on the on the outcome? And that's incredibly important in business because ultimately,
The scorecard.
A fake.
operating company.
is how much are you growing your top line, how much are you growing your profits, how much you're growing your operating margin, and the FPNA team is what instruments all of that and give you forecasts. And they also I mentioned earlier on when we look at KPIs, we look both at first derivative and second derived derivatives of the KPI. Again, a first derivative tells you
your revenues up five percent on a year on year basis.
Many companies stop there.
What our F and A team does.
Then they say, Well, okay, the second derivative shows that although you're up five percent.
That's a decelerating trend. So next month.
That could be three percent.
The following one could be one percent.
And that's a problem that we gotta solve for as a team and figure out how we can course correct that.
Love that.
I want to come back to talent for a second. One of the stories that you had told me when we spoke last was about ABC. Can you tell us?
That and how it's useful for you.
So generally when you when you assess talent, you wanna be able to assess
Yeah.
are the top performers on your team.
That you either not only want to make sure you retain them
But you also want to invest in them. You want to grow them. You want to see them do amazing things over time because they have a lot of untapped potential.
You also want to look at who's not performing on the team, who's somebody on the team who for whatever reason, whatever
circumstances happen that they are not adding value. They are not being able to contribute to the best outcome for the company overall.
But if you think about ranking folks as A, B, or C, typically in a player
As somebody that
They are again a top performer. They are somebody that you're proud of them. You're proud of their work. You think the world of them.
And uh I learned this actually test from from Brad as well. If an A player walks into your office and say, Mario,
You know what, I uh don't try to talk me out of it.
maybe my wife is moving to a different state and I, you know, I took a job with another company and
You know, don't try to talk me out of it. This is done.
If the outcome
Out of that.
Is feeling that you have a pit in your stomach.
That you go back home, you're talking to your wife and say, I don't know what I'm gonna do. I just heard the most horrible news today.
And if it's the feeling of angst, it's the feeling of I'm sure we're gonna replace that person.
That's an A player.
If somebody walks into your office and they say, Hey Mario, don't try to talk me out of it. I'm actually I find another role in another company and I'm gonna move on to a different industry, maybe, and your feeling is
Phew.
That's good news. Actually, we're gonna be able to upgrade talent. We're gonna be able to, this is gonna be great. We'll figure out the transition plan. That's a C player. So effectively, it's how you think about the people that are working on your team and who are working for them.
who are again the top performing people that you want to retain the S A player.
And who are the people that if they move on
Not a big deal, actually. You can probably potentially get to a better to a better outcome as well. And we take that very, very, very seriously. I personally think.
The biggest lever.
and creating a lot of alpha in business.
Is who you have on the team.
And how they work with each other.
If that is rock solid, if people who work for you are all A players
It's a beautiful thing because they push each other in a beautiful way, and ultimately they deliver alpha. Ultimately, they deliver better results. Ultimately, they deliver a better environment for employees, where employees are much happier to come to work because part of them being an A player is how they manage their teams. So that's why we think we think of that talent evaluation process being very important and making sure we have
the most amount of A players on the team, especially the higher up you go in the company, is very, very important.
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Part of your job as a leader then is to take those talented people and create a high performance environment. How do you think about that? How do you do that?
Well high level
I think you have to look at every person.
In a very
Customized way.
Based on what makes them great.
I always start
For every person who works who works for me.
I look for the things that makes them
A beautiful professional.
What makes their brain beautiful?
What makes them actually a great
Team member.
And I believe in them.
I believe in their ability to do amazing things.
And I think if you look at the human psyche
People want to be appreciated.
And when you show someone that you that you believe in them.
That you truly believe in their ability to be great.
They have a much, much higher odd to actually be great.
Then if you're only focusing on where they are falling short.
Now
Once you have that, it doesn't mean that where they're falling short should be, you know, should not be discussed. However, w in my from my perspective, when I give constructive feedback to my team,
I never make it subjective.
I always ground it on data. I'll tell them, Well, okay, look at this situation. We could have gotten to this outcome based on what the data's tell us, but we got over here, we gotta figure out how to do it in a better way.
Suddenly that person is thinking.
Yeah, I fell short in this area.
But they're not thinking, they're not gonna becoming defensive because I'm not telling them, Hey, I think you drop the ball on this, I think you're not working hard enough, I think you're because then suddenly it's a very subjective set of feedback that causes people to
retract from it as opposed to it being
you know, let me tell you objectively where things didn't work well. But then after you have that, so after y you believe in that.
It's also about creating an environment.
Well, it's safe for them.
To try things.
And it's safe for them to sometimes fail at them.
Because that's part of life.
For every five great things you're gonna do, you're gonna fail at one or two of them. But also creating a safe environment where they can spread their wings, where they can figure out a way.
To get from again.
Best outcome from point A to point B.
How did you learn to give feedback like this?
That seems atypical of somebody with a computer engineering background.
That's a great question, Shane, because if I go back earlier in my career
That was a big shortcoming of fine.
But the way I led teams was based on let's say I'm looking at a certain
goals, certain solution we wanted to build.
I would analyze it and I would come up with a going back to the uh engineering design process, I would say, well, okay, this is a sort of a goal we wanna achieve or a problem we wanna solve.
Then I would think through the requirements, I would think through the highlights of the solution. And then I would go to my team member and say, Well, you know, listen, this is where we are here.
This is what we want to get to.
I personally believe that's the best way to go from here to here.
Naturally, when when you do that, you automatically atrophied that person's brain.
from them being able to find the re the best the best outcome.
So over time what I realized is that then if I didn't have the time
Or
I wasn't a subject matter expert in a certain area.
we just don't get to the optimal solution in a given in a given area. We just short
Yeah.
So then I started
learning more and more with time.
As opposed to
give somebody what I think the solution is.
What I need to do is actually
Teach them a process where they are they are analyzing the data and they are coming back to me with insights of what that data the data is telling them.
Similarly
They are designing a solution.
And in many, many cases I look at that solution and say
Whoa.
That's something I didn't even come close to thinking about. So going back to your question on giving constructive feedback,
What I notice is whenever you give
somebody only constructive feedback.
And you're only telling them where they are falling short.
You are missing out on them potentially being great.
And that feedback is now rooted in molding them.
into your own
perspective into your own solution to go from point A to point B, as opposed to them potentially being much better than you. And that's why when I when I give feedback, I usually always start by the things that make them great. What are the things that they are doing that they should keep on doing, that they should amplify, that they should find new ways of actually using those skills, those attributes
To create even
Better things.
And then when it comes to the constructive pieces
I remove the subjective. I tell them, well, okay, objectively, if I look at this, this is what the data said, this is what the situation is, this is kinda how we look at it. And now they are seeing a different perspective how they can get better without feeling that they are falling short or getting defensive or building up a wall and then not potentially getting to a better place.
Did somebody give you feedback like this and and that's how you learn this, or
I think through my career it was multiple
I mean, obviously you work for different people, you learn from different people. And different I had different mentors and different leaders where some gave very critical feedback on the on the onset, and some were much more constructive and believing in you. But I think it was more iterative over time.
In terms of learning that uh and with Brad being my mentor for for more than a decade, his approach to this is very similar where he's always looking at.
How do you actually give constructive feel uh not constructive, how you give
somebody what they're doing well and how they can actually amplify that as well, which was a very, very similar method as well.
How do you think about capital allocation?
So high level capital, I mentioned earlier on, as a CEO, you have only a few levers of how you can create a lot of value over time.
I personally believe number one is
who you surround yourself with, who's on the team, how does the team work with you together.
Number two is capital allocation.
where you have a finite amount of resources as a company, doesn't matter how big you are as a company.
Where do you deploy that capital?
So that you are getting the highest return back on the capital that you are deploying.
And in many, many cases, especially as a public company.
That capital.
is actually shareholders who publicly have given you money
to invest for them so they can get can actually make more money at the end of that. And the third area is where you allocate time, not only your time, but the team's time to be able to create the most the most amount of alpha.
So when I think about capital allocation
It's what's gonna generate
the most amount of returns. And the the the different forms of capital allocation, one is how much capital you deploy into the company.
And it's a very simple equation for every project that we have where we are deploying capital.
We look at what is the return associated with that capital deploy.
For a million bucks you deployed in a project, are you gonna get a million a year, gonna get two million a year, gonna get three million a year, or gonna get a hundred thousand a year? So that's a very important measure of for every initiative where we are deploying capital within the company.
Is it gonna give you a higher return?
When you think MA and how you deploy capital in M and A.
The key is there are multiple levels for that. One is how does a company fit you the overall strategic vision of the company? How how can you does it
give you a new set of customers? Does it give you a new product, a new capability? Does it help you build scale as an example? But in MA,
When you acquire that company
And you apply your systems and know-how and process and you get where one plus one equals to more than two.
what would be the return you're gonna get on that particular MA investment that you have done? Is it a creative? Is it gonna create shareholder value or detract from shareholder value would be would be the second level of how you deploy capital. Then you get into the uses of cash in a company where does it make sense to what kind of leverage you want to keep to does make sense to pay down debt?
Or does it make back make sense to buy back your shares if you believe
where you are today, your profitability at this as at this level.
And it's gonna get to that particular level in a few years.
Well ultimately.
If you buy back your shares today, you are buying them for cheap.
And then effectively it's gonna create.
More alpha and more return for shareholders. So ultimately, capital allocation, I personally think is a very struct structure, should be very objective.
And ultimately.
what's gonna create the highest return for your shareholders. And whatever that answer is, is where you got to deploy your capital.
How do you
Fend off complacency.
I think complacency
overall
Comes from
feeling comfortable.
And feeling content.
The best way
To fight complacency.
Is by setting.
Ultra, ultra big goals.
By the way, ultra big goals in business and life and relationships, because ultimately, let's say you're setting a goal for your company to grow.
Ex amount.
And you achieve that X amount. And you're giving yourself a good pat on the back that you achieve that particular set of growth.
Then you're gonna become complacent. You're gonna feel that it's it's okay to actually have But I believe that life is short, you gotta set big, big goals. If you set big goals,
That alone is a cure for complacency because you're always
striving to achieve
Something much bigger.
And as a team, when you start achieving those goals.
Winning breeds winning to a certain extent. And then what ends up happening is that the team then gets more excited and more confident and more motivated to then set even bigger goals. So I think part of fighting complacency is by
Thinking big and not thinking small is
And striving to achieve great things on life. Life's short. Life it just goes goes in in a snap of a finger.
You don't want to live a
easy kind of a complacent life. You don't want to set small goals and not you want to achieve big things in life. And big things doesn't necessarily have to be in business. It can be that if you're a musician, you want to be the best musician possible. You want to play this piece that you never thought you're even capable of. If you're a business person, you want to
create shareholder value. If you're a family person, you want to have a great family, a loving family, where you see your kids do amazing things, that your your friends do amazing things. And I think what's complacency is always striving to do something bigger in life and that that enables you to always be pushing for that next step for that next level and be able to drive for that.
What's your personal ambition for the next twenty or thirty years?
I think I break it down between between uh business and between the
personal life. In terms I'll start with the personal life. I think uh having a family and friends, I I I'd like to have an enriching uh
life when it comes to the the people you surround yourself with and spending a lot of time with my family, with my kids, seeing my kids grow into beautiful adults and beautiful beautiful human beings is a is a big ambition for me in the scene of just be good people is is is is big.
From a work perspective
I think it's doing meaningful work is actually building companies
Sink PO succeed.
It's seeing effectively folks do things they they didn't think were possible, be able to provide for their families and have constructives and happy and happy lives as well.
And that could be in in business, could be different type of companies, could be, but something that truly has an impact, something something that meaningfully impacts people's lives for the better.
Wanna come back to the family part there for a second. So you have a wife, you have three kids who are all young
How do you run a business and have time?
To be a part of the family.
So I mentioned earlier on that one of the the most important um
things that as a C as a CO you have is where you spend time. Where you spend your personal time and then where you have your organization spend their time.
And I think I once get got a very good piece of advice that
When you're trying to do a lot of things.
Naturally you have less time.
But you also have to simplify
the goals and the targets and the things that you are driving to what is the most important.
So when it comes to family
You know, obviously when you have when you're doing a lot of things at work, you have a limited amount of time. But I try to make it the most amount of meaningful time that I can. So when I'm with my kids, for example,
Don't use my phone, I put it away.
I do meaningful activities with them as a engineer.
Last summer we actually built a robotic arm that we programmed and we actually tried to make it solve a Ruby cube, but didn't work as expected, but we kinda give give it a f a fighting shot there. Or whether it's taking my kids fishing and spending time with them actually doing activities that are outdoors. So I think
when you are limited on time.
What you can focus on is making the quality.
of that time be the highest possible.
And also
figuring out where you want to spend your time. So for example, I don't watch TV, I don't play golf, I don't, you know, have for me it's I'm either working and with with my with my team and the company uh that I love and being able to drive better outcomes, or spending time with my family, with my kids and do amazing things with them. They make you young, by the way, along the way.
I remember the first time we met, you said I have no hobbies, zero. Yeah.
That that's true. Actually my my hobbies are my work and my kids.
I love that. Go deeper on the time allocation a little bit. Spend a few beats on that and how you think about time allocation, not only
As a CEO, but as a parent.
Actually, let's do the CEO part. So go deeper on time allocation and how you think of that from the work perspective.
I think from a work perspective
There are
Levers.
That you are spending, so that there are subjects that you are spending time on, and there are ways that you are spending your time, and I'll come back to that in a second.
But in terms of
To have a
successful execution over a long period of time, you need to have a strategy. You need to have levers that you are focused on as an organization to be able to drive better outcomes.
As an example for us, these are things like service.
Investing in capacity.
gaining profitable market share, growing pricing, and then improving cost efficiency predominantly in three categories and how we operate our network.
When you have clarity
Of what's important.
To drive the right business outcomes.
then it's much easier for you to organize where you spend your time.
But naturally I gravitate to where I spend my time based on where the action plan is
is not leading to the intended results.
So let's say a certain area in our plan is working swimmingly well.
My contributions
won't add a lot of value because I already have somebody or a team of people who are all in, who have a strong action plan, who are executing on it. And now my job is to make sure that I'm giving them what they need.
I'm spending enough time with them to keep the guardrails and make sure that we're holding them accountable to deliver to set outcomes. However, if there is an area that is not performing well, that is falling short, that is effectively not delivering to what we
as a team believe
the but the best outcome can be.
I gravitate towards spending my time there. And then I usually what I spend my time is first I help the team analyze the data behind.
Said area.
Give them my perspective.
make available people on the team who are incredibly bright.
We can do the same.
to give them different perspective.
Of then changing the action plan from what it was.
To what it ought to be.
to deliver the best amount of value. So in terms of the subjects where I spend my time, this is typically how how I do it.
In terms of where I spend my time, I think you always look at your team, you have stakeholders within a company, you have your employees.
You have your customers.
You have your shareholders.
and you have to figure out where you organize spending your time
Do
be able to again deliver to the best to the best outcome. On the employee side, I like to spend a lot of time in the field. Even my team tells me if I haven't been out to a terminal for a few weeks, I say,
Mario, you gotta get out there because like you're you're you're getting an out here kind of here. You're you're you're becoming a micro manager here.
But I think it gives you perspective because when you're spending time with the people who are who are moving the freight.
It's suddenly.
You can then elevate, you can zoom out and say, Well, okay, what we're working on over here makes a lot of sense because now I can see how it's gonna have an impact on ultimately the people who are actually moving the goods and how it's gonna impact their lives for the better. So I like to spend a lot of time in the field. I spend a lot of time with my team on initiatives, on programs, on action plans.
And how they're gonna gonna get to a certain output.
I do find that a lot of leaders
spend time on what's the output.
But ultimately.
You gotta spend time on the inputs, you gotta spend time on the action plan.
that changes the output. These are the things that you can control to change a certain outcome. So I find myself spending a lot of time in in data and action plans that influence a certain outcome.
I do love spending a lot of time with customers every quarter. I meet with dozens and dozens of customers where I get to see to hear from them what their problems are, or whether it's a sales meeting, whether it's a quarterly business review. I think you also get a different perspective ultimately of the people who make a choice between using your company
or another company to buy the service and having that voice of the customer, I think permeates for the entire organization as well. But these are some of the different areas where I think about the lion's share of the time gets spent. And of course you have earnings, you have spending time with shareholders, but all of these are a lower magnitude of time than the other things I had just mentioned.
You're an extreme learner and a voracious consumer of information. I remember the first time we met, you said you had
printed out twenty five transcripts from podcast episodes and sort of went through them.
Where does that come from and how do you separate signal from noise when you're consuming information?
Both of these are are great questions. First in terms of how you get information.
I think it's a conscious choice.
Every morning you have a choice to make. That choice can be that today I'm gonna go do my job the way I always do it, or you can make a choice that
I want to learn new things.
I think
In terms of within the company, I learn a lot through asking questions. So usually if you're in a meeting with me in our company, I'd be asking fifty questions. And however, before I even ask the questions,
I actually would have reviewed literally Excel spreadsheets of data if I have to, to be able to look at the information and what the data is saying. So now your questions.
are informed by data behind it. But going back to how
I consume information. One, we we do a lot of research as a company. So we have a small team of analysts that every weekend
actually pulls together research reports from the industry.
uh from um all of our competitors, uh from what we're hearing about ourselves in the media.
from customers kind of research on their companies and what they are hearing and every weekend effectively
I get from the team both for our for ourselves
For our competitors.
For our industry, for side businesses, and for customers.
hundreds of pages of content.
That are all highlighted, what are some of the key points, what they are, with a summary created for each one of them. And usually on on the weekend, either Saturday or Sunday, I actually read those couple hundred pages of of content.
Now, as I read them effectively, I highlight the pieces that I thought were were important. In some cases, I could share them with the team and say, hey, when I was reading this, this is what I saw. What what what do you think of this outcome, or what do you think of this?
whatever new technology or or s something that that we read in there. So I I think that's more of a process based approach to be able to to read more and and learn more. From people I meet, I usually get to ask a lot of questions that they are inside industries, whether it's a CEO you meet at a conference or an investor, you effectively get
to pick their brain on what they are seeing, how they are doing things, how they are doing things differently, and you you effectively that helps inform kind of what you're doing. Uh so so I think step number one is having a very conscious
View.
of being able to go get information and consume information to get a more holistic view, a more holistic picture of whatever it is a topic that you're looking at.
In terms of how you filter
Signal from noise.
I don't know if there's a specific method to do that. I I I think while you are consuming information
I think you have to be very honest about the information you're consuming, and one of the techniques I use
Is how many times
Do I see something appearing?
in a certain set of information that I'm consuming.
So for example, let's say not the topic AI, but let's say in AI, you're seeing that the new reasoning models are getting better, but then you're hearing it from customers who are using them in certain ways. You're hearing it from research on tech companies that you're looking in a certain way. Now you know that this could be shaping up to be a trend over time.
You look at industrial demand in the country, and you're reading the research reports from twenty different analysts.
who have spoken to hundreds of people to get to these answer report, and you start seeing the same
Theme.
or trend that is going that going on in the information.
then you actually start thinking about it a bit a bit differently in terms of
that that becomes a signal as opposed to you heard it once where it might not be as as big of a of a impactful area. And the other thing I do is also I I do
Every morning I spend about fifteen minutes to thirty minutes. As I I usually
Yeah.
And I think about every decision or every
aspect of things I'm gonna do for the day.
And I inform it based on what I read over the weeks over the weeks prior, whether it's within the company or outside of the company. And I just let my mind race through.
All the
plausible outcomes. So it's almost like a decision tree. Like if you if you play chess, you can look at about when you when you play chess, you're always thinking about if I move this piece, what are the next three pieces or next move, next move, next move, and then how deep you go effectively is the more you train your brain to do it. You can actually do it in a more effective way. So then I use that information where
Now you're synthesizing all of it and you're looking at what you're doing and you're trying to figure out what is that
Funny.
three perspe decision spanning three perspective what
each path, what does it lead to, and how you're now using that information to somehow apply it to a problem you're trying to solve or a or something that you're seeing in your day to day life.
Where did you learn that?
Not a specific place. I think it was more over over the years of something I started doing and I found it helped me solve problems early on.
And I think it's uh just became something I do every every single morning.
So I want to make sure I get this right. So you sort of like it's almost like a meditation. You take 15 minutes
And you sort of think through the big
Decisions that day, or the big things, or the things that you want to focus on? Walk me through that. So it's all of the above. So usually I start by thinking through.
As a company, what are the things that we are dealing with? What are the things I'm worried about? What are the things that
or effectively could somehow impact our business.
Number two, I think about all the material I read the prior day or the prior week, and what are some of the key takeaways that I'm seeing.
in that trend of data. But then it's something fascinating, Shane, a lot of time when people think
They use speech to think. So you effectively you are limiting yourself at the speed.
At which you speak.
to be able to find or solve a problem. However, you can train your mind
to go much faster than that. And the way you do it is effectively you you start with an idea.
And then you just you almost let it roll forward with Well, okay, let's say
We wanna grow uh top line, we wanna grow sales, we want to gain market share, we wanna close a certain account, we are having a cost efficiency issue in that particular part of the business. And then you start thinking through what are the different levels you can move.
You can say, Well, okay, if volume grows based on what I'm seeing in that research, where you are seeing the industrial demand pick up in the country. And I know we have these three accounts we are actually onboarding, that means that we if we push further the cost efficiency.
we might have an issue if that volume is gonna grow faster.
But you do these type of decisions.
I just let my brain effectively think through all of them, and then it kind of builds the same. And at the end of the process, what I usually find is that I have three or four things that builds clarity.
that these are the three or four things that we gotta focus that I have to focus on to be able to get to a better outcome as as an example. I do the same thing in my personal relationship with my kids, with their schooling, with their activities, where you let you just you let but it's key to k to go into a very calm state when when you do it. So this way you're
removing the environmental noise around you as you are doing it as well. But I find that is a very effective tech technique as a mental model to be able to solve problems and find different alternatives to solve a problem.
I love that. It's like beyond the internal monologue.
Yeah.
How do you personally use AI?
At the personal level, uh, I use AI predominantly for research.
Or fact check.
Or whenever I have an idea or thought process, I usually my bias is to always go to one of the AI platform. I have all of them on my phone where effectively
I would
Use it as a way to either go deeper in a certain topic.
Or get more information about a certain topic.
I also use it whenever I have large documents that I would have read. It's a good way to get a summary and AI's perspective on what it found in them and what are the key takeaways.
It's actually finding out of that data, out of that information. But you're not using it to sort of like, here's a five hundred page document, summarized this for me. In the way that you mentioned this specifically was I've read the five hundred pages, give me the summary, almost like a spaced repetition.
Correct. And I usually do it with more than one platform because each one of them will have slightly key different takeaways than what the takeaways that I had. And I think the variability between them
can make you spot things that you didn't see or that you, you know, you were skimmed over or you thought were not important, but suddenly these two AI platforms tell you, well, this is the point you actually is very important. And you get you can get more information and more more actionable stuff that you can do that that you can do with it as well.
How do you think about robotics in the next sort of like ten years? Specifically as it affects trucking, warehousing, storage, anything.
It's tough to tell what what the what the world would look like from a physical robust perspective.
Because the sp
At which
AI is developing.
is very, very, very fast.
So it's soft to tell if I look today
At the
How effective robots are.
There's still a lot of room.
For things to improve, so today when you think about robotics.
They robots have predominantly evolved, or effective robots that can be used in business, to have a very specific application in how they work. So, for example, part of our company
We used to be one of the largest warehousing operators in the world.
And you think about robots in that space, you could have a auton autonomous robot that looks effectively like a square that is just kind of going on on the floor of a warehouse.
And then it has a panel that can hold
Shelves of goods.
And it breaks the right shelf of goods.
To a human picker.
sitting stationary now as opposed to having a human having to walk through a picking area to pick
the products to ship to the customer when when you buy something online, as an example. So a lot of the robotic applications have been very specific in scope.
To solve a specific problem.
Is what has been effective so far.
If you think, however, about humanoid robots,
I think humanoid robots are effectively trained.
to do what humans do. How we move our hands, how we
perceive the world through vision, how we perceive the world through hearing, uh and and that's a much
tougher task to solve for because you're trying to fit an AI model that typically works great in a digital setting, deals with content, and now you're trying trying to making it perceive the world the same way a human does. There's another component of it would be
For a humanoid robot to be effective, we as humans have uh emotions, have effectively things that
You know, we we perceive the world with whether it's empathy, whether it's compassion, whether it's uh
anxiety, whether it's effectively we we have emotions that shape our behavior.
And I think currently where AI is and where robots are, it's they're still not there in terms of being able to perceive.
what human consciousness is to s to a certain extent.
So going back to your question, it it's tough for me to tell
Is it gonna be 10 years before we have effective humanoid robots? Is it gonna be two or is it gonna be twenty? Because the rate of change is very fast.
But at the same time
The problem to solve is very, very hard.
as well. Now if you more broadly though, if you look at AI, it's truly remarkable
What has happened over the last two, three decades. I I remember
I built my first AI neural network back in the late nineties.
At the time.
It was running on a Pentium CPU that was uh from a capacity perspective was capable of at the peak.
of one maybe one gigaflop in terms of compute power.
You look at today where the latest Google TPUs and where the NVIDIA chipsets are at.
We're talking five petaflops.
That effectively is
Five million times
more powerful from a compute perspective.
What existed two to three decades ago.
So when you think about the
How large.
the AI models were at the time, if you have something that has 10 billion parameters, you're pushing the envelope.
Today you're dealing with two, three, four, five trillion parameters in terms of how these large language models operate. So I think
If I roll that forward, the trajectory has been effectively very, very fast or very steep.
And if that continues, we will see how that materializes into robotics. But but I think in the near term, I think it's more purpose built robots that are using AI to try to automate a certain task and make effectively the outcomes more efficient accordingly.
I wanna come back to a couple of things that we talked about earlier before we wrap this up. One
Where does your work ethic come from?
I think it started with my with my parents. Uh my dad has uh been a was an entrepreneur and uh he's also an engineer.
And uh was also an an amazing business person as well, very wise person. If you if you meet him, you just spend fifteen minutes with him, you say
That person is very very very very wise. And I saw since we were kids
the work ethic that he had
and being able to deliver, you know, to effectively build great things, but also be able to provide for our family as well. And that was rooted in me at a very young age that
Working hard.
has to be part of the equation. Has to be part of if you want to build big things in life.
You cannot do it by not being 100% in, 100% dedicated on what it is that you're doing, which means when you wake up in the morning, you're thinking about it. When you go to bed, you're thinking about it. Now you couple that with being the leader of an organization.
You're responsible for forty thousand people.
I take this responsibility very seriously, and
If I work an extra hour
А найшлі сам імпровида лаїз.
Forty thousand people.
I'm gonna work this extra hour.
And and I think that's the reason why when I think about work ethic, it's it's
Part of the ingredient.
Of being all in.
to to be obsessed by every KPI, by every lever, by every team interaction, and to give
All yourself.
for the team and the company you're working for, because when you do that, you deliver better outcomes. And the people who are working for you
They deliver amazing things and then be proud of themselves. You'd be proud of them. And I think that's rooted
in part with having a very strong work ethic. But for me, if I go back to my childhood, it was from seeing my dad build companies and he had a fantastic work ethic and I and I learned from that.
Are you driven by clean fuel or dirty fuel?
I mean, what about that kind of thing? Well, dirty fuel would be like Michael Jordan. You know, he sort of like makes up slides from competitors.
He's angry, he's got a chip on his shoulder, and that is the fire inside him. That you know, Tom Brady would be another example of, you know, somebody who at least started being driven by dirty fuel. He's got a chip on his shoulder.
A hundred and ninety ninth draft pick, six quarterbacks taken
before him, you know, at Michigan, he
He sort of
seventh on the depth chart when he got there.
Always fighting for his job.
He always just felt like
Nothing was given to him. Circumstances were conspiring again. This his attitude in Michigan was fascinating. Just a brief aside here. So when he was
When he went to Michigan, he's seventh on the depth chart. And he's you know, he's coming from being a high school star.
Going to a big time D one school.
And then all of a sudden he's seventh, he's fighting, and he he's about to like transfer out of Michigan.
And he goes to talk to the athletic director. And I wanna make sure I don't know if I'm gonna get all the exact details right, but it was Greg Hartman.
And Hardin was like, I don't give a shit what you think is fair and what's not fair.
uh you have a chance to control certain circumstances. You're getting one rep in practice. And he was getting one rep at the time. And he's like, You have a hundred percent control over that one rep. Treat it.
You know, like you would the Super Bowl.
And it changed Brady's approach, but he was always driven. The fire inside him always came from people doubting him, not believing in him, wanting to prove them wrong.
And then, you know, clean fuel, an example of that would be Brad. Brad's a perfect example of somebody who's driven by
I wanna create success for everybody else. I'm driven by this goal.
I'm not motivated by a chip on my shoulder.
I think it's
Definitely clean fuel.
is is the way I think about the world. I personally think that humans
can create amazing things.
And I believe in that. When I work with team members, when I work with people around me, I always believe
That they are capable
More than what they believe they are capable of.
And
So I said earlier on, we we live short lives.
And effectively, if you think about it, you want them to be meaningful, you want them to be impactful, you want to be able to see somebody grow.
and do amazing things over time. So for me winning
Is about
Bing smart it's about being able to understand.
how you can take a team, a group of people
Create a very good plan.
But then fight every single day to win.
Because then you're
you're seeing somebody in a team realize their full potential.
And for me, I I live on that, and I when I look back through my career.
I always think about winning not in the way that you know I want to go just crush the competition or that's up the bar.
For me the bar is
Are we achieving?
The best that we can aчіve.
Formi, that's what was important, because then
If you are achieving what you can achieve, you are not comparing yourself to your competition. Of course, you have to study your competition to understand what are the levels that they are pushing and what's working for them. Because in some cases, you might not need to reinvent the wheel. In some cases, you might look at it and say,
Great idea, like let's actually let's actually use that idea to make our company a better company. But I always the bar I use is always it's not about winning at the expense
Of somebody else.
It's the opposite's actually winning because we are doing things right for the long term. So like growing the pie instead of dividing the pie. Hundred hundred percent is how I think about it overall.
I love that. We always end these interviews with the same question, which is what is success for you?
Success for me is
Someone, including myself
Realizing their full potential.
is being able to achieve what they can achieve with the tools, education, background that they have been given.
and to be the best version of themselves.
While doing so.
Also being happy and emotionally fulfilled.
Because ultimately you can achieve great business success at the expense of your family life, as an example. But is that success? Because now you effectively are not emotionally fulfilled, you're not happy. But I think it's not only just for me achieving that personally, but also playing a part in
people around me achieving that, whether it's my kids, seeing kids, seeing them become great professionals one day and great human beings, and having fulfilled lives and achieving their full potential to people I work with, whether it's my team or colleagues or people I work for, for them to achieve again their best potential and doing it while they are emotionally fulfilled as well.
That's beautiful.
Thank you for such an amazing conversation.
Thanks, Shane. Thanks. Thanks for having me.